Which of the following is a major technique used in social casework?

The major technique used in social casework is focused on understanding and improving the client's situation within their specific environment. Environmental modification involves assessing the various factors in a client’s surroundings that may impact their well-being and functioning. This can include physical, social, economic, and institutional aspects of the environment.

In social casework, practitioners work to create supportive environments that help clients overcome challenges and promote their strengths. By modifying elements in a client’s environment—such as connecting them with resources, improving their living conditions, or enhancing their social support network—social workers can effectively contribute to positive behavioral changes and better life outcomes.

Although the other techniques mentioned, such as financial analysis, crisis resolution, and policy advocacy, are certainly important in social work practice, they do not represent the core focus of social casework to the same extent. Financial analysis may be vital in some contexts, particularly in financial social work, but it does not encompass the broader, more relational aspects of casework. Crisis resolution is time-sensitive and often specific to particular problems, while policy advocacy tends to focus on systemic change rather than individual client work, which is at the heart of social casework.